journal F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )

_ijkl and y_ijkl equal 0. x_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and y_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), x_ijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, y_ijkl equals 1 if k < l>

Second, we size ining the likelihood of hukou intermarriage change with each partner’s degree (Gullickson and you can Torche, 2014), and we also further look at type within the field replace among them towns and cities.

journal F cijkl = Equation dos + ? p = step one dos ? p u pij + ? q = step one dos ? q w qij + ? c ? p = step 1 dos ? p u pij + ? c ? q = step 1 2 ? q w qij

When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both u_pij and w_qij equal 0. u_pij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and w_qij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), u_pij equals 1 if k >p and w_qij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), u_pij equals 1 if l > p and w_qij equals 1 if k > q.

Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants‘ and locals‘ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?_p and ?_q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses‘ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses‘ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Descriptive Overall performance

Detailed leads to Desk 1 reveal hukou locality pairings from partners by the city. Inside Shanghai, on the 47% regarding micro-census had been contracted anywhere between a couple of migrants; inside Shenzhen, one payment is actually over 70%. From the 38% away from marriages inside it several regional spouses in the Shanghai, whereas fifteen% off marriages had two local partners in Shenzhen. Demonstrably, individuals tended tapaa Honduran naiset to get married in their hukou position classification both in metropolises. In towns, marriages anywhere between an area spouse and you may a beneficial migrant spouse was far more likely than simply marriage ceremonies ranging from a beneficial migrant husband and you will a local spouse that occurs (13% against. 3% during the Shanghai and 11% against. 4% inside the Shenzhen). Brand new percentage of hukou locality homogamy is similar in the several metropolises. Yet, we want to translate the outcome which have warning, while the share out of migrants differs throughout these a couple of locations. The fresh new relative sized migrants and neighbors creates structural marital solutions for folks to get possible partners and finally ). Log-linear studies lets us glance at the level of hukou homogamy, websites of your compositional effects, of the handling to own marginal distributions from hukou status.

Dining table 1.

I first introduce the newest distributions of education attainment for migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you may local spouses during the for every single town, correspondingly, in Profile step 1 . On average, migrants was less educated than just residents, aside from gender, in Shanghai and Shenzhen. One of migrants, men are better educated than ladies in one another Shanghai and you will Shenzhen. However, among natives, the new gender gap within the studies is actually sometimes brief if not stopped: local dudes typically are just somewhat most useful knowledgeable than just their female counterparts for the Shenzhen, and you can local women an average of be a little more educated than simply the male equivalents in Shanghai. Log-linear patterns manage towards the knowledge inequalities ranging from men and you can between natives and migrants to capture the new contacts between spouses‘ knowledge and you may anywhere between educational and you will hukou locality assortative mating, internet of one’s limited distributions out of spouses‘ characteristics.